Coral reefs are the home to many different species. Coral reef life all relies on each other to stay alive and thrive, each species with its own function within the reef.
Coral reefs have one the highest biodiversity of all of the ecosystem, even higher than tropical rainforests. Within the coral reef ecosystem you will find everything from sponges to sea worms; mollusks to marine mammals. This makes coral reefs one of the most resilient ecosystems, being able to adapt to change and disturbance due to the abundance and diversity of the coral reef life within the ecosystem.
But within coral reef life, one of the most diverse and colourful groups are the marine fishes. Each species has different colours and patterns, serving multiple functions. Most importantly to camouflage the animal. Underwater the colour red appears black, due to the absorption of light. Stripes are useful camouflage, helping the fish to blend in with the coral. The spots help to confuse predators.
Some of the fish are herbivores, eating the algae from the corals keeping them from being smothered. The larger fish such as grouper, and sharks eat the smaller fish, keeping the populations in check and under control.
Ever wondered what sand is made from?
Parrot fish eat the coral itself when munching on the algae growth with their sharp teeth, eventually pooping out sand. There are cleaner fish and shrimp which snack on the parasites on the larger fish – this is an example of a symbiotic relationship, both parties benefit. Crabs, sea cucumbers, starfish and sea urchins crawl about on the sea floor scavenging and eating detritus.
Animals such as sponges and worms help to filter the water, keeping it nice and clean. While sea snails graze on algae, with things like feather stars capturing plankton from the water column.